Abstract : In the heart acetylcholine (ACh) slows pacemaker activity depresses contractility and slows conduct
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Abstract : In the heart acetylcholine (ACh) slows pacemaker activity depresses contractility and slows conduction in the atrioventricular node. Beside these cardiovascular effects ACh has also been associated with an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathway. There is no evidence for ACh synthesis and excretion in other cell types than neuronal cells in the heart. Therefore this study investigates whether cardiomyocytes are able to synthesize transport and excrete ACh in the heart. We chose a rat model of different aged rats (neonatal 6-8 week = young 20-24 month = old). By real-time PCR Western blot and immunofluorescence experiments we could demonstrate that adult but not neonatal cardiomyocytes express the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). The expression level of ChAT is down-regulated in old cardiomyocytes. Furthermore we found that young and old cardiomyocytes express the ACh transport proteins choline transporter-1 (CHT-1) and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). The amount of ACh excretion detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is significantly down-regulated in old cardiomyocytes. Bromo-acetylcholine (BrACh) a specific ChAT inhibitor significantly decreased ACh concentrations in cardiomyocyte supernatants demonstrating that ChAT is the main ACh synthesizing enzyme in cardiomyocytes. In conclusion we could demonstrate that adult but not neonatal cardiomyocytes are able to synthesize transport and excrete ACh in the rat heart. The expression level of ChAT and the ACh excretion amount are significantly down-regulated in old cardiomyocytes. This finding may provide new physiological/pathological aspects in the communication between cardiomyocytes and other cell types in the myocardium e.g. fibrocytes neurocytes or endothelial cells.Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.PMID 20510655 PubMed - in processPublication TypesPublication Types Comparative StudyLinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesElsevier ScienceEBSCOOhioLINK Electronic Journal CenterSwets Information ServicesOther Literature SourcesCOS Scholar Universe Supplemental Content Related citations Evoked acetylcholine release by immortalized brain endothelial cells genetically modified to express choline acetyltransferase and/or the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. J Neurochem. 1999 Evoked acetylcholine release by immortalized brain endothelial cells genetically modified to express choline acetyltransferase and/or the vesicular acetylcholine transporter.Malo M Diebler MF Prado de Carvalho L Meunier FM Dunant Y Bloc A Stinnakre J Tomasi M Tchélingérian J Couraud PO et al. J Neurochem. 1999 Oct 73(4)1483-91. Down-regulation of the non-neuronal acetylcholine synthesis and release machinery in acute allergic airway inflammation of rat and mouse. 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