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Reference : References: 1- McDonald RE, Avery DR, Dean JA. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 8th ed. St.    more

Reference : References: 1- McDonald RE, Avery DR, Dean JA. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 8th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Co. 2004; PP: 105, 209. 2- Bowen H. Response to seow: Biological mechanism of early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998; 26: 8-27. 3-Shuler CF. Inherited risk for susceptibility to dental caries. J Dent Educ 2001; 65:1038-1045. 4-Lechler R, Warrens A. HLA in health and diseases.2nd ed. London: Harcourt Co; 2000. PP: 104. 5-World Health Organization .Oral health surveys, basic methods.3rd ed. Geneva: WHO, 1987. 6-Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF.A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res 1988; 16:1215. 7-Cannava AA , Olerup O. HLA-DQB1 low resolution typing by PCR amplification with sequence- specific primers(PCR-SSP). Euro J Immunogen 1994; 21:447-455. 8-Mitsunaga S, Oguchi T, Tokunaga K, et al. High-resolution HLA-DQB1 typing by combination of group-specific amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Hum Immunol 1995; 42:307-314. 9-Verbin S. Genetic influence in women's oral health. Dent Clin North Am 2001; 45:443-467. 10-Madigan A, Murray PA, Houpt M, Gatalanotto F, Feuerman M. Caries experience and cariogenic markers in HIV-positive children and their siblings. Pediat Dent 1996; 18:129-136. 11- Wallengren ML, Hamberg K, Ericson D, Nordberg J. Low salivary IgA activity to cell-surface antigens of mutans streptococci related to HLA-DRB1*04.Oral Microbiol Immunol 2005;20:73-81. 12-Aguirre JM, Rodriguez R, Oribe D, Vitorial JC. Dental enamel defects in celiac patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997; 84:646-650. 13-Mariani P, Mazzili MC, Margutti G, et al. Celiac disease, enamel defect and HLA typing .Acta paediatr 1994;83(12):1272-1275. 14-Tighe MR, Hall MA, Barbado M, et al. HLA Class II alleles associated with celiac disease susceptibility in a southern European population . Tissue Antigens 1992; 40: 90-97. 15- Wallengren ML, Johnson U, Ericson D.HLA-DR4 and number of mutans streptococci in saliva among dental students and staff. Acta Odontol scand 1997; 55 :296. 16- Acton RT, Dasanoyake AP, Harrison RA, et al. Association of MHC genes with levels of caries-inducing organism and caries severity in African–American women. Hum Immunol 1999; 60:984-989. 17- Lehner T, Lamb JR, Welsh KI, Batchelor J. Association between HLA-DR antigens and helper cells activity in the control of dental caries. Nature 1981; 292:770. 18- Ozawa Y, Chiba J, Sakamoto S.HLA Class II alleles and salivary numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli among young adults in Japan. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2001; 16:353-357.    less

Abstract : Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common diseases of childhood. Etiology    more

Abstract : Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common diseases of childhood. Etiology of ECC is multifactorial and both genetic and environmental factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. Genetic variation of the host may contribute to change the risk for dental caries .Genetic factors such as Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) have recently been introduced as a predisposing factor. Aim: The aim of this study was to look for an association between HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 with ECC for developing new strategies for diagnosis as well as prevention of the disease. Design: In this study, we extracted the genomic DNAs from the whole blood samples of 44 patients with ECC and 35 caries free children by salting out method. We amplified the genomic DNA by PCR-SSP and then HLA-Typing was performed for all alleles. Results: The results revealed a significant increase in the frequency of HLA-DRB1*04 in the patient group (P=0.019). The odds ratio for this allele was detected to be ten. Frequency of HLA-DQB1 alleles was not significantly different between the two groups. - Slides    less